J. Ceram. But they failed to harden it again. Finally, this scientific discovery confirms local legends that say, “The stones were made with plant extracts able to soften the stone.â This explanation has always been rejected by archaeologists because it made no sense. On the plateau, at Kaliri, there are numerous quadratic sandstone blocks lying on the ground, but we don’t find any massive blocks. But a new study from Joseph Davidovits, Luis Huaman and Ralph Davidovits, called Ancient organo-mineral geopolymer in South-American Monuments: Organic matter in andesite stone. how the pyramids of Giza were built (in 20 years no less ! ) Vaughn (eds. [24] J.W. [3] J. Davidovits, Geopolymers: inorganic polymeric new materials, J. Puma Punku is a terraced earthen mound that is faced with megalithic blocks. But MAR also contains calcite CaCO3, not found in PP4. It is not polysialate-based geopolymer like for the red sandstone megaliths. F. Urquidi Barrau. 9). Puma Punku and Tiahuanaco may have been in fact one massive complex. Why Alkali-Activated Materials are NOT Geopolymers ? It was also detected in the optical thin sections studies. Our long experience in geopolymer technologies suggests that these sculptures can be very easily manufactured with the molding technique. The Ruins of Tihuanaco in the Highlands of Ancient Peru (Stübel, A.; Uhle. South-American Andes monument Pumapunku made of ancient geopolymer sandstone. The thick fluidal red ferro-sialate GP matrix displayed in Fig.17 represents a unicum and supports the idea of an artificial sandstone geopolymer concrete. On the geopolymer sandstone megalithic slabs: J. Davidovits, L. Huaman, R. Davidovits, “Ancient geopolymer in South American monuments. The nearby plants would tell investigators more about the killer than any other single, Jack the Ripper is the best-known name for an unidentified serial killer generally believed to have been active in the largely impoverished areas in and around the Whitechapel district of London in 1888. 5: hole with minute feldspar plagioclase crystals; No. France; thin sections were made at UniLaSalle-Geoscience. [17]. Under reflecting light, the surface of PP1A shows white feldspar plagioclase crystals and dark elongated minerals which are typical for this type of andesite stone (Fig. No known quarry is able to provide massive blocks of 10 meters long. Several people tried to discover the secret of this stone making. In Table 1 the Na content for PP4 global and PP4 matrix is also higher than the values for KAU, AMA and MAR. [25] A.L. X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction of casing stones from the pyramids of Egypt. However, our detailed study of their published chemical analysis contradicts this. I asked the natives whether these edifices were built in the time of the Incas, and they laughed at the question, affirming that they were made before the Incas ever reigned, but that they could not say who made them….” According to modern archaeology, the monument was destroyed around AD 900, i.e. The fields consisted of elevated, elongated planting beds, surrounded by water-filled ditches. [2] J. Davidovits, L. Huaman, R. Davidovits, Ancient organo-mineral geopolymer in South American Monuments: organic matter in andesite stone. They knew their environment perfectly and knew how to exploit the resources brought by nature. We have only small blocks (Fig. Sci. Indeed, the petrographic analysis of the 1970s carried out on the four megalithic slabs found calcite in 15 samples, yet none in 5 others, out of a total of 20. The hypothesis of the lost ancient super civilization or alien intervention is false. ~ Human Resonance: Magnetized Megaliths of Puma Punku presents metallic geopolymer stones magnetized by focused infrasonic pressure waves, causing compasses to invert themselves. SEM and petrographic evidence “. But what I noted most particularly, when I wandered about over these ruins writing down what I saw, was that from these great doorways there came out other still larger stones upon which the doorways were formed, some of them thirty feet broad, fifteen or more long, and six in thickness. evidence-for-rockall-bank-being-platos-lost-island, Evidence for Rockall Bank Being Plato's Lost Island. They discovered the artificial nature of the stones. 60810 Barbery. For sandstone we located the alkaline Natron in the Altiplano lake Laguna Cachi, to manufacture the big megaliths. The thin section of Fig. In fact, electron microscopic analysis proves that the composition of the sandstone could be artificial (a ferro-sialate geopolymer) and manufactured to form cement. Official archaeology is claiming that they used the steep llama track (Fig. and they were able to carry these hundreds of tons on the site, then to adjust them precisely. Scientific Evidence that the Puma Punku H-Blocks Are Artificial Geopolymer | Ancient Architects. Kallamarka with “k” is the spelling in the local language. For a start, how would you be able to hide them if they were hollowed out of the bedrock. Sandstone with such a high Na content has not been located in the vicinity, so far. This trade [guano] appears to have been intensified during the Tiwanaku / Pumapunku construction, possibly stimulated by the need for more guano. W. van Berk. Slab number (4) is broken and it has been weighing 150 tons. The organic matter detected in this study suggests the reaction of an ammonium organic compound (the nitrogen N) from vegetal or animal origin, with minerals, to form an organo-mineral binder. NEW CHANNEL FROM ANCIENT ARCHITECTS: "Space and Planet" launches this month. 24). The excerpt of the study starts with the site of Ilo on the Pacific Ocean and reads: â5.5.2 El descanso: El Descanso means the ‘resting place’ in Spanish. Another remarkable thing is that in all this district there are no quarries whence the numerous stones can have been brought, the carrying of which must have required many people. After my last video on secret chambers hidden within the bedrock beneath the Great Pyramid, I had a number of comments regarding how possible this actually was. 11. The thin section of a sample taken from the Pumapunku red sandstone monument shows grain boundaries made of a thick fluidal red ferro-sialate matrix. A recent ethnological discovery shows that some witch doctors in the Huanka tradition, use no tools to make their little stone objects, but still use a chemical dissolution of the stone material by plant extracts, carboxylic acids.â. It applies the basic chemistry dealing with Phosphate-based geopolymers and Organic-mineral geopolymers [23]. [11] A. Vranich, Reconstructing ancient architecture at Tiwanaku, Bolivia: the potential and promise of 3D printing, Heritage Science 6/65 (2018), DOI: doi.org/10.1186/s40494-018-0231-0. Table 2: chemical composition of Peruvian guano containing essentially: ammonium oxalate and urate, calcium oxalate, ammonium phosphate and calcium phosphate after [26]. Our study suggests that the slabs are a type of sandstone geopolymer concrete cast on the spot. 20 displays all the features of an item that was obtained by pounding wet sand in a mold. It could be the result of the self-crystallization of a polysialate geopolymer, Si/Al=3. The results for sandstone are shown in Fig. Is this the amorphous matter already mentioned above in the thin section of Fig. Towers, Guano and its analysis, The British Farmerâs Magazine, (1845) Vol. It has been discussed by J.W. It’s very easy.â. Artificial stones were formed as cement. [20] J. Davidovits, F. Aliaga, Fabrication of Stone Objects by Geopolymeric Synthesis in the Pre-Incan Huanka Civilization in Peru, Abstracts of 21st International Symposium for Archaeometry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York, USA (1981) page 21. [1] J. Davidovits, L. Huaman, R. Davidovits, Ancient geopolymer in South American monument. The chemical elements are identical, yet, they are present at a lower concentration in the monument, which seems to be obvious.
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