He became the third American in space and the … While acquaintances say Gagarin had been a "sensible drinker", his touring schedule placed him in social situations in which he was increasingly expected to drink alcohol. [122] A street in Warsaw, Poland, is called Yuri Gagarin Street. The first twelve including Gagarin were approved on 7 March 1960 and eight more were added in a series of subsequent orders issued until June. Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin [a] (9 March 1934 – 27 March 1968) was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut who became the first human to journey into outer space, achieving a major milestone in the Space Race; his capsule, Vostok 1, completed one orbit of Earth on 12 April 1961. Final two passengers named for first all-civilian mission to orbit Earth March 30, 2021 William Harwood If you would like to see more … [23][25] By this point, he had accumulated 265 hours of flight time. [106] Gagarin had also been awarded four Soviet commemorative medals over the course of his career. A new work was commissioned following the outcry over the disproportionately small size of its head which locals said was an "insult" to Gagarin. Six and a half months before Adolf Hitler invaded Poland, New York City’s Madison Square Garden hosted a rally to celebrate the rise of Nazism in Germany. [57], Gagarin gained a reputation as an adept public figure and was noted for his charismatic smile. This damaged American confidence in its technological superiority, creating a wave of anxiety known as the Sputnik crisis. Despite this, he remained a strong contender for Soyuz 1 until he was replaced by Komarov in April 1966 and reassigned to Soyuz 3. [11], A German officer took over the Gagarin residence. This was Project Me… https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1905-history-of-satellites-timeline Rabaul, a town at the very tip of New ...read more, On February 20, 1998, 15-year-old Tara Lipinski wins the gold medal in women’s figure skating at the Olympic Winter Games in Nagano, Japan, and becomes the youngest gold medalist in her sport. It was decided that the craft’s retrorockets, usually jettisoned before reentry, would be left on in order to better secure the heat shield. [24] On 20 December, Gagarin became Deputy Training Director of the cosmonaut training facility. During the nine-day mission, he served as part of a NASA study on health problems associated with aging. Condition: New. Gagarin: Off we go! Gagarin's flight instructor gave him a cushion to sit on, which improved his view from the cockpit, and he landed successfully. He launched in his capsule called Friendship 7 aboard a Mercury-Atlas rocket, and during his almost five-hour flight, he circled Earth three times before splashing down in the Atlantic 800 miles southeast of Bermuda. Yuri Gagarin was the first person to fly in space. Toward the end of Glenn’s third and last orbit, mission control received a mechanical signal from the spacecraft indicating that the heat shield on the base of the capsule was possibly loose. Government officials said they saw no reason to begin a new investigation. The commission was tasked with ranking the candidates based on their mission readiness for the first human Vostok mission. Gagarin died five weeks later when the MiG-15 training jet he was piloting with flight instructor Vladimir Seryogin crashed near the town of Kirzhach. [13][14], The rest of the Gagarin family believed the two older children were dead, and Yuri became ill with "grief and hunger";[15] he was also beaten for refusing to work for the German forces and spent the remainder of the war at a hospital as a patient and later as an orderly. [112][113] President Jânio Quadros of Brazil decorated Gagarin on 2 August 1961 with the Order of Aeronautical Merit, Commander grade. [153][154], The 50th anniversary of Gagarin's journey into space was marked in 2011 by tributes around the world. However, Kartashov and Varlamov were injured and replaced by Khrunov and Grigoriy Nelyubov.[36]. Gagarin became an international celebrity and was awarded many medals and titles, including Hero of the Soviet Union, his nation's highest honour. The idea of sending a man into space with a multi-stage rocket was officially pursued in the USSR from the end of 1958 under the leadership of aerospace engineer Sergey Pavlovich Korolev. (NASA archives) The actual launch on April 12, 1961, went well. It was called Sputnik 1, the Russian word meaning “traveling companion” or “satellite.”During its three months in space, Sputnik 1 orbited the planet once every ninety-six minutes, at a speed of nearly 17,400 miles (28,000 kilometers) per hour. [91] A similar theory, published in Air & Space magazine, is that the crew detected the open vent and followed procedure by executing a rapid dive to a lower altitude. After three years of training, John Glenn rocketed into space aboard the Mercury capsule Friendship 7. Historian Asif Siddiqi writes of the final selection:[41]. Leonov said the first boom he heard was that of the jet breaking the sound barrier and the second was Gagarin's plane crashing. Background. Odd, I know. [82][84] Following his rise to fame, at a Black Sea resort in September 1961, he was reportedly caught by his wife during a liaison with a nurse who had aided him after a boating incident. The Dec. 21, 1968 launch of Apollo 8 (AS-503) from Cape Kennedy, Fla. was the beginning of a mission designed to test the Apollo system and gain the operational experience necessary to realize President Kennedy’s goal of “landing a man on … John Herschel Glenn Jr. (July 18, 1921 – December 8, 2016) was a United States Marine Corps aviator, engineer, astronaut, businessman and politician.He was the third American in space, and the first American to orbit the Earth, circling it three times in 1962. He later addressed Congress and was given a ticker-tape parade in New York City. AFP via Getty Images In 1961, very little was known about spaceflight and what would happen to a human who was in weightlessness for longer than a few seconds. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Edit: The first man-made object to cross the boundary of space (100 km above the sea level, or the karman line) a Nazi German V2 rocket on October 3, 1942. [20] Gagarin twice struggled to land the two-seater trainer aircraft, and risked dismissal from pilot training. It was assumed that in the event Gagarin developed health problems prior to liftoff, Titov would take his place, with Nelyubov acting as his backup. [132], Vessels have been named for Gagarin; Soviet tracking ship Kosmonavt Yuri Gagarin was built in 1971[133] and the Armenian airline Armavia named their first Sukhoi Superjet 100 in his honour in 2011. Glenn was preceded in space by two Americans, Alan B. Shepard Jr. and Virgil I. Гагарина в космос", "Полная стенограмма переговоров Юрия Гагарина с Землей с момента его посадки в корабль (за два часа до старта) до выхода корабля "Востока-1" из зоны радиоприема", "I am proud to be accused of having introduced Yury Gagarin to Orthodoxy", "Gagarin's family celebrated Easter and Christmas, Korolev used to pray and confess", "Inquiry promises to solve Gagarin death riddle", "KGB held ground staff to blame for Gagarin's death", "Kremlin vetoes new inquiry into mystery death of Yuri Gagarin", "Russia sheds light on Gagarin death mystery", The Mysterious Death of the First Man in Space: When Yuri Gagarin fell to Earth, "How did Yuri die? [42] The radio communication between the launch control room and Gagarin included the following dialogue at the moment of rocket launch: Korolev: Preliminary stage ... intermediate... main... LIFT-OFF! He and the next two highest-ranked cosmonauts, Titov and Nelyubov, were sent to Tyuratam for final preparations. [61] Gagarin visited the United Kingdom three months after the Vostok 1 mission, going to London and Manchester. The Mission of Apollo 8 in December 1968 was a major step forward in space exploration as it marked the first time humans had ventured beyond Earth orbit. ", "Yuri Gagarin: 50th anniversary of the first man in space", "Why Yuri Gagarin remains the first man in space, even though he did not land inside his spacecraft", "Memories sought of Yuri Gagarin's way into space", "Sergei Korolev: the rocket genius behind Yuri Gagarin", "Cosmonaut crashed into Earth 'crying in rage, "Biography of Yuri Gagarin, first man in space", "8 – 9 апреля заведующая кафедрой национальной и региональной экономики, проф. Who was the first successful man to orbit the earth and return safely? On Oct. 4, 1957, the Soviet Union made a bold advance on the Cold War chessboard by launching Sputnik, the first man-made satellite to orbit Earth. Price: US $17.00. And once their orbit deteriorated, the little satellites, flashing like meteors upon hitting our atmosphere, could help scientists study reentry. Vostok 1 was Gagarin's only spaceflight, but he served as the backup crew to the Soyuz 1 mission, which ended in a fatal crash, killing his friend and fellow cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov. [32], The Vanguard Six were given the title of pilot-cosmonaut in January 1961[36] and entered a two-day examination conducted by a special interdepartmental commission led by Lieutenant-General Nikolai Kamanin, the overseer of the Vostok programme. Goodbye, until [we meet] soon, dear friends. [6][7], Gagarin's hometown was situated along the path of several invasions of Russia, and had been the site of many wars and conquests from foreign nations. [58][63] Gagarin toured widely abroad, accepting the invitation of about 30 countries in the years following his flight. Yuri Gagarin, the first man to travel into space, hit the headlines on April 12, 1961, after orbiting Earth aboard the Vostok I spaceship. Lipinski donned her first pair of skates at age six. In July, Grissom made another brief suborbital flight aboard Liberty Bell 7. [33] On the second day, they were given a written examination following which the special commission ranked Gagarin as the best candidate for the first mission. [64] In just the first four months, he also went to Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Finland, Hungary, and Iceland. Limited Edition John Glenn First Man To Orbit The Earth 1962 1998. William A.H. Williams told the newspaperman that he had 300,000 gallons of heating oil to donate to the poor. [93][94] According to a biography of Gagarin by Jamie Doran and Piers Bizony, Starman: The Truth Behind the Legend of Yuri Gagarin, the KGB worked "not just alongside the Air Force and the official commission members but against them. The first American to orbit the Earth has died. At the end of the orbit, Glenn switched to manual control and regained command of the craft. On February 20, 1962, John Glenn became the first American to orbit Earth. On Oct. 4, 1957, the Soviet Union made a bold advance on the Cold War chessboard by launching Sputnik, the first man-made satellite to orbit Earth. [157][158], Soviet pilot and cosmonaut, first human in space, "Gagarin" redirects here. In early 1998, NASA announced it had approved Glenn to serve as a payload specialist on the space shuttle Discovery. He was fascinated with flying crafts from a young age and his interest in airplanes was energized after a Yakovlev fighter plane crash landed in Klushino during the war. [74] After the Soyuz 1 crash, Gagarin was permanently banned from training for and participating in further spaceflights. The first manned mission beyond Earth orbit was an audacious change in plans, allowing the three-man crew only 16 weeks to prepare; Iconic "Earthrise" view surprised the astronauts, who scrambled to photograph the now-iconic image; Live Christmas Eve broadcast from lunar orbit was a stunning and spectacular global event Sign in to check out Check out as guest. [32] One of these candidates, Yevgeny Khrunov, believed that Gagarin was very focused and was demanding of himself and others when necessary. [70], The Soyuz 1 launch was rushed due to implicit political pressures[71] and despite Gagarin's protests that additional safety precautions were necessary. [91][92] At least three investigations into the crash were conducted separately by the Air Force, official government commissions, and the KGB. [24] After expressing interest in space exploration following the launch of Luna 3 on 6 October 1959, his recommendation to the Soviet space programme was endorsed and forward by Lieutenant Colonel Babushkin. Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (9 March 1934 – 27 March 1968) was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut who became the first human to journey into outer space, achieving a major milestone in the Space Race; his capsule, Vostok 1, completed one orbit of Earth on 12 April 1961. Other cities in the Soviet Union also held mass demonstrations, the scale of which were second only to the World War II Victory Parades. On February 20, 1864, at the Battle of Olustee, the largest conflict fought in Florida during the Civil War, a Confederate force under General Joseph Finegan decisively defeats an army commanded by General Truman Seymour. Frustrated with this uncharacteristic lack of activity, Glenn turned to politics and in 1964 announced his candidacy for the U.S. Senate from his home state of Ohio and formally left NASA. He died on December 8, 2016. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Those who refused were beaten or sent to the concentration camp set up at Gzhatsk. Yuri Gagarin was the first man to: explore the ocean floor orbit the earth dive below 250 feet walk on the moon. Then, in April 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first man to orbit the earth. They did not return home until after the war, in 1945. Is 1st man in space, launched into orbit and returned safely to earth aboard USSR space ship named Vostok. All Rights Reserved. Newspapers around the globe published his biography and details of his flight. [87] In a 2006 interview, Gagarin's friend Colonel Valentin Petrov stated that Gagarin never said these words and that the quote originated from Khrushchev's speech at the plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU about the state's anti-religion campaign, saying "Gagarin flew into space, but didn't see any god there". [76] On 17 February 1968, Gagarin successfully defended his aerospace engineering thesis on the subject of spaceplane aerodynamic configuration and graduated cum laude from the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy. [138] A Russian docudrama titled Gagarin: First in Space was released in 2013. – As mentioned by Scott and Adolf in the comments. [65] Because of his popularity, US president John F. Kennedy barred Gagarin from visiting the United States. [134], Two commemorative coins were issued in the Soviet Union to honour the 20th and 30th anniversaries of his flight: a one-ruble coin in copper-nickel (1981) and a three-ruble coin in silver (1991). The training regimen involved vigorous and repetitive physical exercises which Alexei Leonov, a member of the initial group of twelve, described as akin to training for the Olympic Games. On April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin circled the Earth aboard the spacecraft Vostok 1. [33] Gagarin and Titov were selected to train in the flight-ready spacecraft on 7 April. Categories Genel. — -- John Glenn, the first American astronaut to orbit the earth and a legendary figure in the American space flight program, has died, Ohio Gov. For other uses, see. The three crew members of Apollo 8 were the first humans to leave Earth orbit and the first to travel around the Moon. 1961: Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human to enter space and the first to orbit the Earth, helping boost the Soviet space program and intensify the space race with the United States. [66] The following year, he began to re-qualify as a fighter pilot[69] and was backup pilot for his friend Vladimir Komarov on the Soyuz 1 flight after five years without piloting duty. [67] Soviet officials, including Kamanin, tried to keep Gagarin away from any flights, being worried about losing their hero in an accident noting that he was "too dear to mankind to risk his life for the sake of an ordinary space flight". When the Germans were routed out of Klushino on 9 March 1944, Yuri helped the Red Army find mines buried in the roads by the fleeing German army. 7 Things You May Not Know About John Glenn, Space Exploration: Timeline and Technologies. Glenn was hailed as a national hero, and on February 23 President John F. Kennedy visited him at Cape Canaveral. The core stage then separated while the rocket was in a suborbital trajectory, and the upper stage carried it to orbit. Yuri Gagarin: The story of a young engineer who became the first man to orbit the earth and go to space on April 12, 1961. The victory kept the Confederates in control of Florida’s ...read more, An episode of the hit TV sitcom “Seinfeld” titled “The Pothole” airs for the first time on February 20, 1997; it includes a story line in which the character Kramer adopts a stretch of the fictional Arthur Burghardt Expressway through the real-life Adopt-a-Highway program. Gagarin, Nikolayev, Popovich, and Titov all received excellent marks on the first day of testing in which they were required to describe the various phases of the mission followed by questions from the commission. [43][44], Gagarin's farewell to Korolev using the informal phrase Poyekhali! [23], Gagarin's selection for the Vostok programme was overseen by the Central Flight Medical Commission led by Major General Konstantin Fyodorovich Borodin of the Soviet Army Medical Service. Yuri Gagarin: First Man in Space April 12 was already a huge day in space history twenty years before the launch of the first shuttle mission. So far, so good. If the Americans wanted to dispel this notion, they needed a multi-orbital flight before another Soviet space advance arrived. After completing one orbit, the spacecraft's automatic controls … The commission also included Colonel Yevgeniy Anatoliyevich Karpov, who later commanded the training centre, Colonel Vladimir Ivanovich Yazdovskiy, the head physician for Gagarin's flight, and Major-General Aleksandr Nikolayevich Babiychuk, a physician flag officer on the Soviet Air Force General Staff to the Commander in Chief of the Air Force. [150][151] The mural is the largest portrait of Gagarin in the world. [49] Gagarin became the first human to orbit the Earth. "[93], The KGB's report, declassified in March 2003, dismissed various conspiracy theories and instead indicated the actions of airbase personnel contributed to the crash. In 1984, he unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for president. ... Tass, a man had orbited the earth … [37][38] Gagarin was also subjected to experiments that were designed to test physical and psychological endurance including oxygen starvation tests in which the cosmonauts were locked in an isolation chamber and the air slowly pumped out. ", Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Merited Master of Sports of the Soviet Union, Order of the Flag of the Republic of Hungary, "Yuri Gagarin's Klushino: forgotten home of space legend", "Yuri Gagarin: the man who fell to Earth", "First man of Space – the flight and plight of Yuri Gagarin", "How bright it is – how incredibly beautiful! Feb 19, 2015 at 12:00 PM Astronaut John Glenn climbs into the Friendship 7 space capsule atop an Atlas rocket at Cape Canaveral, Fla. for the … Ю. А. Гагарина", "В роке, джазе и ска-панке. Gagarin Raion in Sevastopol, Ukraine, was named after him during the period of the Soviet Union. [95] In April 2011, documents from a 1968 commission set up by the Central Committee of the Communist Party to investigate the accident were declassified. On October 29, 1998, nearly four decades after his famous orbital flight, the 77-year-old Glenn became the oldest human ever to travel in space. [29], From a pool of 154 qualified pilots short-listed by their Air Force units, the military physicians chose 29 cosmonaut candidates, of which 20 were approved by the Credential Committee of the Soviet government. [136] The Soyuz TMA-21 spacecraft was named Gagarin with the launch in April 2011 to coincide with the 50th anniversary of his mission. … [23] Gagarin was promoted to the rank of senior lieutenant on 6 November 1959,[24] three weeks after he was interviewed by a medical commission for qualification to the space programme. As a technological power, the United States was looking very much second-rate compared with its Cold War adversary. Habibullah had succeeded his father, ...read more. Leave a Reply Cancel reply. John Glenn was the last surviving member of the original Mercury astronauts. But then, the service module failed to separate from the spacecraft. [144][145] The Russian Federation presented a bust of Gagarin to several cities in India including one that was unveiled at the Birla Planetarium in Kolkata in February 2012. Edit: The first man-made object to cross the boundary of space (100 km above the sea level, or the karman line) a Nazi German V2 rocket on October 3, 1942. He was picked up by the USS destroyer Noa, and his first words upon stepping out of the capsule and onto the deck of the Noa were, “It was hot in there.” He had spent nearly five hours in space. John H. Glenn Jr., a decorated combat veteran and test pilot who gained worldwide fame as the first American to orbit the Earth, went on to become a … 9 песен, посвященных Юрию Гагарину", "Picture: first Armavia Superjet awaits delivery", "База данных по памятным и инвестиционным монетам", "Yuri Gagarin Featured on Russian Gold and Silver Coins", "UFA Sports to market Kontinental Hockey League", "Space Foundation Survey Reveals Broad Range of Space Heroes", "A half-century on, Russian space flight pioneer Yuri Gagarin stands tall", "How Yuri Gagarin's historic flight was nearly grounded", "Gagarin Monument Moved from London's Mall to Greenwich", "Houston mayor, NASA administrator & Russian ambassador dedicate gifts of artworks honoring Russian and US space pioneers", "Houston unveils monument to first cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin", "Controversial Gagarin monument to be removed, new one built", "Jorit, il Bansky italiano approda in Russia: a Mosca un suo murales gigante dedicato a Gagarin", "La nuova opera di Jorit è in Russia: un murale dedicato a Yuri Gagarin", "Russia's Street Art Festival Unveils Sky-High Spray-Painting", "Opening of Yury Gagarin's monument in Jakarta – News", "Anies Resmikan Patung Yuri Gagarin, Tandai 70 Tahun Hubungan RI-Rusia", "Yuri's Night 2011 International Space Station crew: 50th anniversary of human spaceflight", "The sincere deceiver: Yuri Gagarin and the search for a higher truth", "Conquering space: the cult of Yuri Gagarin", "Look up! He underwent physical and psychological testing conducted at Central Aviation Scientific-Research Hospital, in Moscow, commanded by Colonel A.S. Usanov, a member of the commission. [51] He also wrote in his autobiography released the same year that he sang the tune "The Motherland Hears, The Motherland Knows" ("Родина слышит, Родина знает") during re-entry. The chief engineer of the programme Sergei Korolev also specified that candidates, to fit in the limited space in the Vostok capsule, should weigh less than 72 kg (159 lb) and be no taller than 1.70 metres (5 ft 7 in);[27][28] Gagarin was 1.57 metres (5 ft 2 in) tall. February 20, 1962. (m.1957), Memorial to Gagarin and Seregin at crash location, This page was last edited on 15 May 2021, at 14:10. © 2021 A&E Television Networks, LLC. He was temporarily relieved of duties to focus on academics with the promise that he would be able to resume flight training. [46], In 1962, Gagarin began serving as a deputy to the Soviet of the Union,[66] and was elected to the Central Committee of the Young Communist League. His older brother Valentin was born in 1924, and by the time Yuri was born he was already helping with the cattle on the farm. The sculpture was completed in 2011 by Leonov, who is also an artist, and was a gift to Houston commissioned by various Russian organisations. The 33-year-old Williams abducted Murphy, who was well ...read more. Sixty years ago on Monday, the Earth sent its first human into outer space — Russia's Yuri Gagarin. In the end, at the State Commission meeting on April 8, Kamanin stood up and formally nominated Gagarin as the primary pilot and Titov as his backup. 1961: Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human to enter space and the first to orbit the Earth, helping boost the Soviet space program … At the time, the United States was in the midst of a race with the Soviet Union to reach the stars. Aboard was Gagarin, the first human to travel into space, using the call sign Kedr (Russian: Кедр, Siberian pine or cedar). This dive caused them to lose consciousness and crash. [52] Gagarin was recognised as a qualified Military Pilot 1st Class and promoted to the rank of major in a special order given during his flight. [96], Alexei Leonov, who was also a member of a state commission established to investigate Gagarin's death, was conducting parachute training sessions that day and heard "two loud booms in the distance". [130], Gagarin is memorialised in music; a cycle of Soviet patriotic songs titled The Constellation Gagarin (Созвездье Гагарина, Sozvezdie Gagarina) was written by Aleksandra Pakhmutova and Nikolai Dobronravov in 1970–1971. Required fields are marked * They learned to read using a discarded Russian military manual. (Поехали!, 'Off we go! It is a copy of the statue outside Gagarin's former school in Lyubertsy. [24][52], At about 7,000 metres (23,000 ft), Gagarin ejected from the descending capsule as planned and landed using a parachute. Your email address will not be published. [31], Gagarin was a candidate favoured by his peers; when they were asked to vote anonymously for a candidate besides themselves they would like to be the first to fly, all but three chose Gagarin. [13][19], In is youth Gagarin was a keen sportsman and played ice hockey as a goalkeeper. [20][21] He initially began training on the Yak-18 already familiar to him and later graduated to training on the MiG-15 in February 1956. [116], The date of Gagarin's space flight, 12 April, has been commemorated. Traveling at its immense speed, the capsule would be incinerated if the shield failed to absorb and dissipate the extremely high reentry temperatures. “Gus” Grissom, and two Soviets, Yuri A. Gagarin and Gherman S. Titov. As mission control anxiously waited for the resumption of radio transmissions that would indicate Glenn’s survival, he watched flaming chunks of retrorocket fly by his window. [26] The commission limited their selection to pilots between 25 and 30 years old. [54] Gagarin and Soviet officials initially refused to admit that he had not landed with his spacecraft,[55] an omission which became apparent after Titov's flight on Vostok 2 four months later. Gagarin became an international celebrity and was awarded many medals and titles, including Hero of the Soviet Union, his nation's highest honour. [58][62] While in Manchester, despite heavy rain, he refused an umbrella, insisted that the roof of the convertible car he was riding in remain open, and stood so the cheering crowds could see him. In retaliation, Yuri sabotaged the soldier's work; he poured soil into the tank batteries gathered to be recharged and randomly mixed the different chemical supplies intended for the task. READ MORE: Space Exploration: Timeline and Technologies, John Glenn becomes first American to orbit Earth, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/an-american-orbits-earth. The investigation concluded Gagarin's aircraft entered a spin, either due to a bird strike or because of a sudden move to avoid another aircraft. On 4 June 1980, Monument to Yuri Gagarin in Gagarin Square, Leninsky Avenue, Moscow, was opened. Apollo 8 was the second crewed mission of the Apollo program and the first mission to bring humans to the moon.
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