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during the Exclusion Crisis of 1679-1680. He became a Justice of the Peace and an officer of the county militia in the 1630s. Kings, and his major work, Patriarcha (written 1638 but Locke found Filmer's account of political authority unworkable, arguing that it could not be used to justify any actual political authority, since it is impossible to show that any particular ruler is one of Adam's heirs. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The pamphlet entitled The Power of Kings, and in particular, of the King of England (written 1648) was first published in 1680. Welcome back. The recent explosion of interest in women's history and the history of the family has greatly enhanced the audience for Filmer's work, and in this new edition Johann So.
Filmer also wrote critiques of Thomas Hobbes, John Milton, Hugo Grotius and Aristotle. He was called to the bar in 1613, but there is no evidence he practised law. Filmer died on or about 26 May 1653. (Clark, He died in 1668 and the East Sutton estate passed to his brother Robert who was created a baronet in 1674 in honour of their father's loyalty to the Crown. Vol. 0000001330 00000 n
Filmer's theory obtained wide recognition owing to a timely posthumous publication. [1] He did not take a degree and was admitted to Lincoln's Inn on 24 January 1605.
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P�]��Ml�؟������of���}>�����+g�,��d����5&���'�5\�2ӝm�5�G>����]J���6�ВS&[f�':. His first son Sir Edward was Gentleman of the Privy Chamber. [11], Bentham went on to claim that Filmer had failed to prove divine right theory but he had proved "the physical impossibility of the system of absolute equality and independence, by showing that subjection and not independence is the natural state of man". His best known work, “Though Aristotle allows so many several forms of corrupted governments; yet he insists upon no one form of all those that he can define or describe, in such sort, that he is able to say that any one city in all Greece was governed just according to such a form; his diligence is only to make as many forms as the giddy or inconstant humour of a city could happen upon; he freely gives the people liberty to invent as many kinds of government as they please, provided he may have liberty to find fault with every one of them; it proved an easier work for him to find fault with every form, than to tell how to amend any one of them; he found so many imperfections in all sorts of common-weals, that he could not hold from reproving them before ever he tells us what a commonweal is, or how many sorts there are, and to this purpose he spends his whole second book in setting out, and correcting the chief commonweals of Greece, and among others the Lacedemonian, the Cretan and Carthaginian commonweals; which three he esteems to be much alike, and better than any other, yet he spares not to lay open their imperfections, and doth the like to the Athenian; wherein he breaks the rule of method, by delivering the faults of commonweals, before he teach us what a commonweal is; for in his first book, he speaks only of the parts, of which a city, or a commonweal is made, but tells us not what a city or commonweal is, until he come to his third book, and there in handling the sorts of government, he observes no method at all, but in a disorderly way, flies backward and forward from one sort to another: and howsoever there may be observed in him many rules of policy touching government in general, yet without doubt where he comes to discourse of particular forms, he is full of contradiction, or confusion, or both: it is true, he is brief and difficult, the best right a man can do him, is to confess lie understands him not; yet a diligent reader may readily discern so many irregularities and breaches in Aristotle's books of Politics, as tend to such distraction or confusion, that none of our new politicians can make advantage of his principles, for the confirmation of an original power by nature in the people, which is the only theme now in fashion: for Aristotle's discourse is of such commonweals as were founded by particular persons, as the Chalcedonian by Phaleas, the Milesian by Hippodamas, the Lacedemonian by Lycurgus, the Cretan by Minos, the Athenian by Solon, and the like: but the natural right of the people to found, or elect; their kind of government is not once disputed by him: it seems the underived majesty of the people, was such a metaphysical piece of speculation as our grand philosopher was not acquainted with; he speaks very contemptuously of the multitude in several places, he affirms that the people are base or wicked judges in their own cases, ‘οι πλειστοι φαυλοι κριται περι των οικειων and that many of them differ nothing from beasts; τι διαφερουσιν ενιοι των θηριων; and again he saith, the common people or freemen are such as are neither rich, nor in reputation for virtue; and it is not safe to commit to them great governments; for, by reason of their injustice and unskilfulness, they would do much injustice, and commit many errors and it is pleasanter to the multitude to live disorderly, than soberly, ‘ηδιον γαρ τοις πολλοις το ζην ατακτως η το σωφρονως.”, (Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought), Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought, "...if _______ is not the book version of everything horrible and unjust that the patriarchy stands for, I do not know what is. x�bb�``b``Ń3�
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And yet, until one sees Locke's radicalization of the notion of the state, Filmer's description of late-renaissance/early modern political authority does seem to have a certain "common-sense" appeal. Indeed, but for him it is doubtful whether either book would have been written. Summary. John Locke, then writing on politics, attacked his writings as “glib nonsense,” but 20th-century scholars have viewed Filmer as a significant and interesting figure in his own right, quite apart from Locke’s attention to him. The eldest child of Sir Edward Filmer and Elizabeth Filmer (née Argall) of East Sutton in Kent, he matriculated at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1604. Robert, University of East Anglia. Perhaps for that reason, Filmer was imprisoned for some years in Leeds Castle and his estates were sequestered.[2]. Royalist and his house in East Sutton was sacked. Let us know what’s wrong with this preview of, Published Under the authority of the father, and his assistant and prime-minister the mother, every human creature is enured to subjection, is trained up into a habit of subjection. The Parliamentary army looted his manor house in September 1642. "Sir Robert Filmer." College, Cambridge, and at Lincoln’s Inn.
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