Because sodium is a metal and we recognize the formula for the phosphate ion, we know that this compound is ionic. The naming convention follows a specific formula. The name of a simple covalent compound can be determined from its chemical formula. For example, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) has ionic bonding between a polyatomic ion, \(\ce{NH_4^{+}}\), and \(\ce{Cl^{−}}\) ions, but within the ammonium ion (NH4+), the nitrogen and hydrogen atoms are connected by covalent bonds (shown above). 5. Because the molecule is an ion, it means it has an overall electrical charge. Furthermore, whereas ionic compounds are good conductors of electricity when dissolved in water, most covalent compounds, being electrically neutral, are poor conductors of electricity in any state. The second element is named by taking the stem of the element name and adding the suffix -ide. Below is the molecular formula of ammonia, NH3. Elements want to fill up their electron orbitals, or shells, with electrons, so they will bond with other atoms that allow them to do this. What elements make covalent bonds? The attraction between molecules (called intermolecular forces) will be discussed in more detail in Section 8.1. Because it is so unreactive, sulfur hexafluoride is used as a spark suppressant in electrical devices such as transformers. These compounds are formed by sharing of valence electrons. Is each compound formed from ionic bonds, covalent bonds, or both? In fact, many covalent compounds are liquids or gases at room temperature, and, in their solid states, they are typically much softer than ionic solids. As a general rule of thumb, compounds that involve a metal binding with either a non-metal or a semi-metal will display ionic bonding. Naming binary (two-element) covalent compounds is similar to naming simple ionic compounds. What elements make covalent bonds? Copyright 2020 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. Typically, a molecular formula begins with the nonmetal that is closest to the lower left corner of the periodic table, except that hydrogen is almost never written first (H2O is the prominent exception). If the compounds are positively charged they are known as cations. First, give the name of the first atom in the compound. Both ionic and covalent bonding are also found in calcium carbonate. For example, both hydrogen and oxygen are nonmetals, and when they combine to make water, they do so by forming covalent bonds. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has ionic bonding between calcium ion \(\ce{Ca^{2+}}\) and a polyatomic ion, \(\ce{CO_3^{2-}}\), but within the carbonate ion (CO32-), the carbon and oxygen atoms are connected by covalent bonds (shown above). The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by MindTouch® and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot.
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