Caste, State, and Ethnic Boundaries in Nepal. It was in 1863 A.D. that majority of the Newars were upgraded to "non-enslaveable" category, after Jung Bahadur's content at Newars' administration of public offices during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Various existing and immigrant population of Kathmandu Valley have assimilated among the four varnas accordingly. Article Id: WHEBN0005007690 [2], The Newar castes, Buddhist as well as Hindu, are no less pollution-conscious than the Khas and the Madhesis. The Nepalese caste system was the traditional system of social stratification of Nepal. Now it is used for the entire caste. The Newars, as a block, were reduced to the status of an occupied subject race, and except for a loyal family or two they were stripped of their social status and economic foothold. The most drastic change came only as late as 1935 A.D. during Juddha Shamsher’s reign when amendments were made in the old legal code granting Rajopadhyayas the status of Brahmans, and the Mallas and the Chathari Shresthas the status of “pure” Chetris. Acharya > Newar-Brahman > … Class, Caste or Location? पन्चगौडा इति ख्याता विन्ध्स्योत्तरवासि, The Khas-Brahmin community form a major chunk of the community of Nepal. The ordinary term, considered pejorative, is “Khae(n)” derived from their tribal designation Khas. The mother tongue of these groups is Nepali. Political / Social. Social exclusion and Maoist insurgency. While the Chatharīya are the Newari aristocrats treated ritually as nobles, Pañchthariya are those who have been drawn from multiple economic and social backgrounds, especially from successful mercantile and commercial families and hence ritually seen as Vaishyas. [11] The most drastic change came only as late as 1935 A.D. during Juddha Shamsher's reign when amendments were made in the old legal code as a result of years of lobbying that granted the Rajopadhyayas the status of Upadhyaya Brahmans, and the Chatharīya Śreṣṭha the status of "pure" Kshatriya, enlisting these two Newar castes in the pan-Nepal tagadhari caste of "dwija" status. However, in Nepal people sometimes erroneously use word Caste to … Other rules further restrict social inter-mingling between the castes, but they tend to be treated more casually. More than fifty (52.0%) of Hill Dalits, 47.0% of the Tarai Dalits, 48.0% of the Muslims and 30 percent of the Hill Janajatis have never been to school. After the Rana regime, caste rules relating to food, drink and intercaste marriage were openly louted but the Muluki Ain had not been abrogated. Newars are divided internally into distinct cultural groups of over 25 occupational caste categories who share a common language (mother-tongue) Nepal Bhasa.[2]. MOPE (2002). [1] The ordinary term, considered pejorative, is "Khae(n)" derived from their tribal designation Khas. To install click the Add extension button. (Census, 2001), In recent times, following the overthrow of the Nepali monarchy and move towards a federal republic, ethnicity and caste have taken center stage - the indigenous peoples (Adivasi Janajati) who make up a third of the country having been guaranteed rights that have not yet been fulfilled. They have become major decision makers in the bureaucracy of Nepal has become crystal clear. MOPE (2002). The CBS, 2001 recorded 43 caste-origin Hindu groups in the Madhesh. [2], The case of Newār is exceptional. This is why even the Brahmins of Newars and Terai were officially placed below the Khas Kshatriya - an uncommon placement as Brahmins are always "superior" in status to Kshatriyas in traditional Hindu societies. Initially it only meant someone who played the damaha. The social values preached by the Muluki Ain, however, were providing restrictive, anachronic and out of step with the spirit of times. 71–88. May be considered subgroups of the Kirat Nation, Nepal: Towards a Democratic Republic: Caste, Ethnicity and Inequality in Nepal, http://www.spinybabbler.org/traditional_arts/music/instruments.php. Deepening Democracy: International Labour Organisation Convention 169 and Nepal's Democratic Transition, Nepal: Towards a Democratic Republic: Caste, Ethnicity and Inequality in Nepal, Material from this site has been borrowed for this article with the permission of Dr. Vepachedu, Interview with Ian Martin: Caste-Based Discrimination in Nepal, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caste_system_in_Nepal&oldid=985350608, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Manandhar/Sāyami/Teli (oil-pressers and brewers), Khadgi, Naye, Kasai (butchers and musicians), Dyala, Podhya, Chyamaha/Chandala (sweepers, fishermen), "Namasinya Matwali" (Non-enslavable Alcohol Drinkers), Newar Hindu Vaishya-equivalent Panchthariya Srēsthas and Newar Buddhists – Gubhaju/Baré (, "Masinya Matwali" (Enslavable Alcohol Drinkers), "Pani Na Chalne Chhoichhito Haalnu Naparne" (Water-unacceptable but touchable), "Pani Na Chalne Chhoichhito Haalnu Parne" (Water-unacceptable and untouchable), Nancy E. Levine. Would you like Wikipedia to always look as professional and up-to-date? Khas upper castes come next with an average income of Rs. The Chatharīya and strict Pañcthariya accepted water (but not boiled and salted foods) from them. Education is free and open to all castes. In Nepal Balami is mostly concentrated in: Bagmati, where 63 percent reside, Narayani, where 32 percent reside and Bheri, where 2 percent reside. Conversely, those Khas groups untouchable to the upper Khas groups themselves are also untouchable for the Newars. कर्णाटकाश्च तैलंगा द्राविडा महाराष्ट्रकाः, The 4th varna includes people from the Sudradamai varna, mainly laborers, artisans and service providers. [1], The social structure of caste-origin Hill Hindu or Khas groups is simple, reflecting only three groups in hierarchy, with the distinct absence of the Vaishya and Shudra varnas. Although Jung Bahadur and his descendants were well disposed to a few clientele Newar families, the 104 years of their family rule was not a golden age of Newar social history. (1) Rājopādhyāya Brahmins are on top of the Hindu Newar social hierarchy.
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