6. sarahshirley. Such dynamic processes continually reshape the surface of the Earth. Global continental and ocean basin reconstructions since 200 Ma. The theory of plate tectonics identifies 7 major and 20 minor types of lithospheric plates. ... Test. 16 . The surface layer of Earth, the lithosphere, consists of a number of rigid plates that are in continual motion. Each of these tectonic regimes is described in the Glossary. Recall that both continental landmasses and the ocean floor are part of the earth’s crust, and that the crust is broken into individual pieces called tectonic plates (Fig. Work on the bathymetry of the ocean basins (mainly with echo-sounding devices) has revealed many morphologic features that were previously unknown, such as oceanic ridges, abyssal plains (and hills), seamounts, trenches, and continental margins, all of these features are now easily explained by plate tectonics. When a convergent boundary occurs between two oceanic plates, one of those plates will subduct beneath the other. On the edges of the ocean basins C. The oceanic crust is all the same age. Geological Oceanography deals with several aspects of seas and oceans. At zones of continent-to-continent rifting, divergent boundaries may cause new ocean basin to form as the continent splits, spreads, the central rift collapses, and ocean fills the basin. Continent‐continent convergence results when two continents collide. Even though there is one world ocean, it has traditionally been divided into four major ocean basins: the Arctic, the Atlantic, the Indian, and the Pacific. When a diverging boundary begins to open, it creates a narrow valley bounded by normal faults. The entire region is known as a subduction zone. When continental and oceanic plates collide, the thinner and more dense oceanic plate is overridden by the thicker and less dense continental plate. Over millions of years, ocean basins open and close, continents move and change shape, and mountains are pushed up and eroded away. As the ocean basin widens the stretched and thinned edges where the two continents used to be joined cool, become denser, and sink below sea level. Wedges of divergent continental margins sediments accumulate on both new continental edges. The Sudanese Red Sea Basin is situated in a passive margin formed by a rift-drift transition between continental and oceanic systems. Plate Tectonics is a theory developed in the late 1960s, to explain how the outer layers of the Earth move and deform. Mature - broad ocean basin widens, trenches eventually develop and subduction begins. Ocean Lithosphere Asthenosphere. At convergent boundaries oceanic lithosphere is always destroyed by descending into a subduction zone. Start studying OCN Ch.2 Ocean Basins and Plate Tectonics. interconnected ocean basins has been sculpted by the process known as plate tectonics. Initiation of subduction (ex: Pacific Rim) 5. The East African Rift is described as an active type of rift. When oceanic crust converges with continental crust, the denser oceanic plate plunges beneath the continental plate. 3.Based on the general environmental conditions in which the rock formed. PLAY. Continental crust consists of granite rock and lies beneath the continents. 1. Often, large continents assembled from smaller ones … The major ones are Eurasian, African, Indo-Australian, Pacific, North American, South American and Antarctic plate. The edges of these continental boundaries usually form zig-zag patterns. Since the development of the theory, geologists have had to reexamine almost every aspect of Geology. The continents were separated at one time by oceanic crust that was progressively subducted under one of the continents. If a plate of oceanic lithosphere collides with thicker and less dense continental lithosphere, the denser oceanic plate will dive beneath the continent in a subduction zone (Fig. Because the partial melt is basaltic in composition, the new crust is oceanic, and an ocean ridgedevelops along the site of the former continental rift. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The Arctic ocean basin is the smallest ocean basin. Three types of convergent boundaries are recognized: continent‐continent, ocean‐continent, and ocean‐ocean. Coastal Tribal Lands. Movement of these shifts as part of the plates are left as distinct traces on the ocean floor and are known as FRACTURE ZONES. Gravity. US/Canada Land Boundary. This forms what is called a subduction zone. Here is a diagram to help you understand how the tectonic basins are related to plate boundaries: I. At an ocean-continent convergent boundary, the oceanic plate is pushed under the continental plate in the same manner as at an ocean-ocean boundary. Plates may converge directly or at an angle. The ocean basins cover the largest area of the Earth's surface. This far ... boundaries occur in the ocean basins, a few occur on land. The essential aspects are: Origin of water and air on earth Theory of continental drift and crustal blocks. The northern continental margin of the South China Sea (SCS) is a passive margin, and have experienced rifting and seafloor spreading. Divergent Plate Boundaries. Rift Valley. Global or eustatic sea level can change as the result of changes in the number, size, and shape of ocean basins. It includes the waters north of the North American and Eurasian continents. Oceanic crust consists of basalt rock and it makes up the floor of the oceans and seas. Using the plate tectonics paradigm, sedimentary basins have been classified principally in terms of the type of lithospheric substratum (continental, oceanic, transitional), the position with respect to a plate boundary (interplate, intraplate) and the type of plate margin (divergent, convergent, transform) closest to the basin. • Oceanic (mid-ocean) ridges - nearly 12,000 miles of mountain belts run through ocean basins and are associated with divergent plate boundaries (spreading centers). Rifts are the initial stage of a continental break-up and, if successful, can lead to the formation of a new ocean basin. Widening ocean basin (ex: Atlantic) 4. Different views, concepts, hypotheses and theories regarding the origin of the continents and ocean basins have been put … Global plate motion models provide a spatial and temporal framework for geological data and have been effective tools for exploring processes occurring at the earth's surface. The theory of plate tectonics It is either continental or oceanic. 15-5. The rising current pushes up on the bottom of the lithosphere, lifting it and flowing laterally beneath it. Propagating rift during the opening of a small oceanic basin: The Protector Basin (Scotia Arc, Antarctica) By Andrés Maldonado The Scan Basin evolution: Oceanographic consequences of the deep connection between the Weddell and Scotia Seas (Antarctica) The ocean basins are transient features over geologic time, changing shape and depth while the process of plate tectonics occurs. This chapter reviews the major concepts of Plate Tectonics Theory.Concepts of plate tectonics evolved as questions about the "structure of the Earth" and the age of the ocean basins were resolved over time (discussed in Chapter 3).Plate tectonics is a fundamental theory that captures the science of how the earth works: why "things" are where they are, how they formed, and how … The theory has caused a revolution in the way we think about the Earth. Spreading of Sea Floor , Distribution of Ocean Basins & Coastal geomorphology. At the mid-ocean ridges in the center of the ocean basins b. Effects on Biology The different characteristics of boundary currents on either side of ocean basins play a large role in controlling their areas' biological productivity. Fossils at the top of Mt. Subduction zones have a lot of intense earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Mountain ranges stand above the continent and are underlain by still deeper roots. Hot Spots - pretty much do their own thing separate from everything else. Transform boundaries are faults that connect two areas where plates are converging or diverging. That is, the ocean floor is oldest next to the continents and youngest near the center of ocean basins. They differ in size from comparatively minor features of the continental margin to huge structural divisions of the deep sea basin. Global plate motion models provide a spatial and temporal framework for geological data and have been effective tools for exploring processes occurring at the earth’s surface. Terms in this set (33) What is the difference between oceanic and continental crust in terms of composition, thickness, and density? This chapter reviews the major concepts of Plate Tectonics Theory.Concepts of plate tectonics evolved as questions about the "structure of the Earth" and the age of the ocean basins were resolved over time (discussed in Chapter 3).Plate tectonics is a fundamental theory that captures the science of how the earth works: why "things" are where they are, how they formed, and how … The San Andreas fault system is a transform fault that connects two ocean ridge systems - the Convergent Plate Boundary - Oceanic and Continental Plates. Plate tectonics is the scientific theory explaining the movement of the earth’s crust. Match. Sediment that has accumulated on the continental slope is thrust up into an accretionary wedge, and compression leads to thrusting within the continental plate (Figure 10.22). The continent stands high with respect to the ocean basin, and for it to be in balance, it’s underlain by a deep root of lighter crust. Ocean Basin Opens If divergence continues, the continental crust completely breaks apart and thinner oceanic crust forms between the two continental blocks. There are 2 main types of subduction zones: Oceanic-oceanic plate boundaries: If the subducting plate subducts beneath an adjacent oceanic plate, an island arc is formed. The ocean basin bathymetric profile in Figure 3-1 highlights features of a typical ocean basin, which is bordered by continental Ocean Basin Physiography & Plate Tectonics The oceanic plate is forced down into the mantle in a … 1st Floor. The Arctic ocean basin is bounded from the North Pacific ocean basin by the Bering Strait, and from the North Atlantic ocean basin at about 65 degrees (°) north (N) latitude (just north of Iceland). Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Everest (!) An ocean can be bounded by a passive continental margin on one side and an active plate boundary on the other. It is less dense than oceanic crust - … Igneous rocks are produced by the … Submarine landscape features associated with a continental margin to deep-ocean basin. Start studying Ocean Basins and Plate Tectonics. There are three types of convergent boundaries: oceanic-oceanic, oceanic-continental, and continental-continental. Thus the only existing oceanic lithosphere is younger than about Jurassic in age and occurs at locations farthest from the oceanic spreading centers. It is well known that oceanic plates subduct under continental plates, and therefore oceanic plates are more dense than continental plates.
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